john witherspoon declaration of independence family tree

This was an exceedingly important event in the history of higher education in America. His own health began to deteriorate and he was dead by the third anniversary of the signing of the Declaration. Such was the caliber of the men who signed the Declaration of Independence, the men who risked their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honor to establish the American Republic and guarantee our rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey is named in his honor. Birth of Rev. [16] From among his students came 37 judges (three of whom became justices of the U.S. Supreme Court); 10 Cabinet officers; 12 members of the Continental Congress, 28 U.S. Witherspoon owned slaves during his time as Princeton's president. John Witherspoon: A Sermon Occasioned by His Death (1802), The History and Genealogy of the Witherspoon Family by Joseph Bailey Witherspoon, Protected Profile addition - Signers Declaration of Indepence, Patriotic Service, New Jersey, American Revolution, Signers of the United States Declaration of Independence. That such men were present at the moment of America's birth strongly suggests that the same Divine Providence they invoked in the Declaration of Independence had indeed planned it that way. He booked passage on a ship to cross the Irish channel, his baggage was delayed but it proved to be his preservation as the ship sank in a violent storm and all aboard perished, he later crossed safely. John Witherspoon arrived in Philadelphia to take their place as new members of Congress meeting at the State House (now Independence Hall). Page 130Glynn, John C., His Sacred Honor Judge Richard Stockton A Signer of the Declaration of Independence, Eveready Press, 2006. . Exuberant citizens of Bowling Green, New York hauled down a large equestrian statue of George III and carried it to the Connecticut home of General Oliver Wolcott, a delegate to Congress. Although he was released unharmed a few days later, he later had trouble sleeping, and would often faint in broad-daylight. It was a storm which had been building for more than a decade as the British Parliament and King George III imposed one oppressive measure after another on the colonies, increasing their taxes and decreasing their freedoms. The 47 year-old son of a plantation owner, he was first elected to the colonial legislature in 1761, and sent to the first and second Continental Congresses. Francis Lewis was away when the British ransacked his home, so they seized his wife, treated her brutally, and threw her into prison under foul conditions. Soon, Witherspoon came to support the American Revolution, joining the New Jersey Committee of Correspondence and Safety in early 1774. There were no defectors. A statue of Richard Stockton by Henry Kirke Brown was dedicated by congressional proceedings in 1888 and placed in Statuary Hall in the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. Stockton is one of only six signers to be so honored. of Serle, 176-177, 178-179, 180, 186: John Shuttleworth to (Walter Spencer) Stanhope, June 29, (i.e., Jan. 29), 1777, Sterling, Annals of a Yorkshire House, II, 21: Henry Laurens to John Laurens, Feb. 3, 1777, C.O.5/40; the Howes to Germain, March 25, 1777, and (enclosed therein) declarations subscribed as a result of the proclamation of Nov. 30, 1777, C.O. During the siege of Yorktown in 1781, the British forces were under heavy attack from some 16,000 American troops, 3,000 Virginia militia, and the French fleet. The University's Committee on Naming is reviewing a proposal to remove or replace a campus statue of John Witherspoon, an influential figure in the American Revolution who owned slaves during his time as Princeton's president. Reason second, I am obnoxious, suspected, and unpopular; you are very much otherwise. Collection Overview . Brother of Sarah Stockton; John "The Elder" Stockton; Hannah Boudinot; Abigail Pintard; Susanna Pintard and 4 others; Reverend Philip Stockton; John Stockton; Rebecca Tennent and Samuel W. Stockton less. Morrison, Jeffry H.. John Witherspoons Revolutionary Revolution. In The Founders on God and Government, ed. An error has occured while loading the map. Rush wrote that it took Stockton nearly two years to recover his health. [15] Thus, Witherspoon and his family emigrated to New Jersey in 1768. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. If not, see our friends at Ancestry DNA. Papers: 1766-1784, 32 items. ", Steven Hopkins of Rhode Island, the second-oldest signer, was afflicted with palsy. Richard Stocktons grandson Commodore Robert Field Stockton conquered California, became its first military governor in 1846, and in 1851 served as a Senator from New Jersey. He signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776, being the only clergyman and college president to do so. He first took a moderate stance in the troubles between the colonies and England. He was an affectionate husband, a tender parent and a cordial friend. Rush and Stockton's recruiting letters can be found in Butterfield, L. H., "John Witherspoon Comes to America", Princeton University Library, Princeton, New Jersey. . Stockton initially showed little interest in politics. Five months after signing the Declaration, the British burned his library. [26] That spring, Phagan took a job with the National Pencil Company, where she earned ten cents an hour operating a knurling machine that inserted rubber erasers into the metal tips of pencils, and worked 55 hours per week. She became a professor of nursing at Vanderbilt University. This address, from a person of your refined taste and elegance of expression, affords a pleasure beyond my powers of utterance, and I have only to lament that the hero of your pastoral is not more deserving of your pen; but the circumstance shall be placed among the happiest events of my life. udinot (born Stockton), Abigail Pintard (born Stockton), Susanna Pintard (born Stockton), John Stockton, Rev. Entitled 'COMMON SENSE', the 25,000 word tract by Thomas Paine challenged British authority over the Colonies and bluntly stated that "the period of debate is closed. He was hunted by soldiers and dogs and was forced to hide in the woods and caves of the Sourland Mountains during icy December weather. Stockton and his wife had six children, four daughters and two sons: Julia Stockton (married to Benjamin Rush, also a signer of the Declaration), Mary, Susan, Richard, Lucius and Abigail. Not all of those who had voted for independence on July 2nd were present in August. He suggested, however, that the state might enact a law that all slaves born after its passage should be free at a certain agee.g., 28 years, as in Pennsylvania, although in his optimistic opinion the state of society in America and the progress of the idea of universal liberty gave little reason to believe that there would be any slaves at all in America in 28 years time, and precipitation therefore might do more harm than good. The mere communication of that congressional order to General Howe was enough to end the persecution of the Clark brothers and they survived their imprisonment. From "Witherspoon Family History" by Evelyn Potter Park: John migrated [from Scotland] to Ireland at an early age and from there came to America in 1790. But Philadelphia was 80 miles away and a torrential rainstorm was swamping the region between the two cities. He was in his home surrounded by family, and died on Tuesday, May 11th 1779, at the age 66. Consistent with his Presbyterian theology, Witherspoon believed that God was the author of freedom, and he did not think that the state, which was administered by imperfect individuals, had the right to dictate personal religious beliefs. However, in his "Lectures on Moral Philosophy", Dr. Witherspoon advocated for the humane treatment of laborers and servants (including slaves), stating: This relation is first generated by the difference which God hath permitted to take place between man and man. In 1780 he was elected to a one-year term in the New Jersey Legislative Council representing Somerset County. Elias Boudinot served his country in many positions during the difficult times of the American Revolution. They found the army in need of all necessary things and Stockton reported this to John Hancock. Previously offered for $12M. Heyward defied the guards by writing new words to "God Save the King" and teaching the other prisoners to sing, "God Save the States" to the old tune. Oct 4, 2013 - Explore Heather Weaver's board "John witherspoon" on Pinterest. Biography of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence, Vol 3, p.115Glynn, His Sacred Honor Judge Richard Stockton a signer of the Declaration of Independence, 2006, page 197Patriots of the American Revolution, May/June 2010, Vol 3, Issue 3. He also signed the 1774 Petition to the King. John Knox Witherspoon (February 15, 1723 November 15, 1794) was a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of New Jersey. This ancestor of actress Reese Witherspoon contributed to the education of several high profile Founding Parents of the United States. Thomas Heyward returned to find that his wife had died in hardship during his imprisonment. He applied himself to the study of law under the honorable David Ogden of Newark, at that time the most eminent lawyer in the province. Two years later, the 68-year old minister married 24 year old Ann Dill, with whom he would have two daughters. "Let my trade perish. (Painting by Charles Willson Peale, public domain via Wikimedia Commons). They had eleven children. He married Mary Witherspoon about 1754, in Ireland. During the British assault on South Carolina in 1780, three of that state 's signers - Thomas Heyward Jr., Arthur Middleton, and Edward Rutledge - distinguished themselves in the defense of Charleston. Husband of Elizabeth Witherspoon and Anne Witherspoon John Adams Signer of the Declaration of Independence 2nd President of the United States of America An 19th century biography of this signer of the Declaration of Independence, including a handwriting sample, illustration, and student publishing opportunities External links:Richard Stockton at the Biographical Directory of the United States CongressBiography by Rev. Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, Witherspoon Street School for Colored Children, Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence, "Petition regarding the statue of John Witherspoon on Firestone Plaza", "LibGuides: African American Studies: Slavery at Princeton", Science and Religion in America, 18001860, "Statue / Monument of John Witherspoon in Washington DC by Sculptor William Couper", "National Historic Landmarks & National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania", "National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Witherspoon Building", "Princeton School Board changes name of John Witherspoon Middle School", "Welcome witherspoonsociety.org - BlueHost.com", "Presbyterian Voices for Justice celebrates its history as it donates to three social justice causes", Biography on Princeton University's website, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Source: Independence Hall Association, Signers of the Declaration of Independence, Richard Stockton, 1730-1781 - http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/signers/stockton.htm, In 1768, Stockton had his first taste of government service when he was appointed to the governing Council of New Jersey; he was later (1774) appointed to the New Jersey Supreme Court. Witherspoon immediately declared "It is not only ripe for the measure, but in danger of rotting for the want of it." Witherspoon became the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of Independence. There was no place to acquire these items and unfortunately no money to purchase them with if they were to be found. Two weeks later, on August 2, 1776, the Congress met again at the State House in Philadelphia to formalize with their legislatures what they had adopted a month before. Witherspoon had been a prominent evangelical Presbyterian minister in Scotland before accepting the Princeton position. He was the only active clergyman and the only college president to sign the Declaration. Just one grandparent can lead you to many In 1768, Stockton was elevated to a seat in the royal executive council of New Jersey; in 1774, he was placed on the bench of the Supreme Court. Eleven delegates were prosperous merchants, nine were wealthy farmers or landowners, and 24 were lawyers or judges. Geography dictated the voting order among the delegates to the Second Continental Congress. Of particular interest to Witherspoon was the Crown's growing interference in the local and colonial affairs which previously had been the prerogatives and rights of the American authorities. [11], On March 7, 1781, The New Jersey Gazette acknowledged his worth to his country: "The ability, dignity, and integrity, with which this gentleman discharged the duties of the several important offices to which he was called by the voice of this country are well known.". President of College of New Jersey, 1768-1792; Delegate to the Continental Congress, 1776-1782; Twice elected to State Legislature of New Jersey. In John Trumbull's famous painting Declaration of Independence, Witherspoon is among those shown in the background facing the large table, the second seated figure from the viewer's right. In November 1777, as British forces neared, Witherspoon closed and evacuated the College of New Jersey. When his health permitted, Stockton attempted to earn a living by reopening his law practice and teaching new students. His wife was poet Annis Boudinot Stockton, sister of New Jersey statesman Elias Boudinot. At the age of 13, he entered college and at age 20, he was licensed to preach. Students who later played prominent roles in the new nation's development included James Madison, Aaron Burr, Philip Freneau, William Bradford, and Hugh Henry Brackenridge. He also firmed up entrance requirements. Princeton University Press, 1948. ", Although the Stamp Act was subsequently repealed, it had been followed by the Townshend Acts and the Writs of Assistance in 1767, the Boston Massacre in 1770, increasing interference in colonial governments, the Boston Port Bill in 1774, and other "injuries and usurpations, all having, in direct object, the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these states.". It took nearly two years to regain his health according to Dr. The weather was oppressively warm and the room occupied by the delegates was nearby a livery stableThe horse-flies swarmed thick and fierce, alighting on the legs of the members and biting hard through their thin silk stockings. As the member appointed for New Jersey, I laid the resolution before our Legislature then sitting at Princeton, and recommended to them the great importance of their approaching persons in every county. The first signer to die, in 1777, was John Morton of Pennsyvania, a former Crown officer who had been sent to Philadelphia to oppose independence. The British offered freedom for the boys if he would abandon the cause, but Abraham Clark refused. John Few was elected in February 3 . He quickly sided with the patriots who favored independence, and in June 1776, he was elected to Congress. Husband of Annis Boudinot Stockton The practice was also impolitic, as slaves never are so good or faithful servants, as those who become so for a limited time by consent. Some had left Congress; others were away and had to sign later; and several new delegates had since been elected. She later had second thoughts, and a visit from the charming Dr. Dr. Samuel S. Smith, who succeeded Dr. W. as president of the college j and Frances, the second tiaughter, married Dr. David This article was originally published in 2009. His losses cannot amount to less than five thousand pounds. Stocktons library one of the finest in the colonies was burned and he was forced to accept help from his family and friends to survive. John later became a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. John Witherspoon died near Princeton, New Jersey, on NOVEMBER 15 . He is co-editor of the Encyclopedia of the First Amendment. John and Elizabeth had at least nine children: Dr. Witherspoon was married to his first wife. And Continental Congresses were convened at Philadelphia in 1774, to deal with Britain's passage of the Intolerable Acts, and in 1775, shortly after the Battles of Lexington and Concord. In answer to an objection that the country was not yet ready for independence, according to tradition he replied that it "was not only ripe for the measure, but in danger of rotting for the want of it.". ", On July 3rd, Jefferson's draft of the Declaration was submitted to the delegates from the 13 Colonies, and he suffered the pain of all authors at the hands of editors - in this case, half a hundred of them. WIKITREE PROTECTS MOST SENSITIVE INFORMATION BUT ONLY TO THE EXTENT STATED IN THE TERMS OF SERVICE AND PRIVACY POLICY. Brother of Captain David Witherspoon; Susan Ann Witherspoon; Josias Witherspoon; James Alexander Witherspoon, IV and Margaret Ann Witherspoon, A Patriot of the American Revolution for NEW JERSEY. As a native Scotsman, long wary of the power of the British Crown, Witherspoon soon came to support the Revolution, joining the Committee of Correspondence and Safety in early 1774. Presidents of Princeton University. In 1764, Stockton became the Grand Master of the first chartered Masonic lodge (St. Johns No 1) in Princeton, New Jersey. "There," he had said after writing his name in large, bold letters. John Knox was his ancestor. American independence Witherspoon was a strong supporter of America and American independence. Stockton was admitted to the bar in 1754, to the grade of counselor in 1758, and in 1763, he received the degree of Sergeant-at-Law the highest degree of law attainable. A son-in-law was Congressman David Ramsay, who married Frances Witherspoon on 18 March 1783. They had ten children, with five surviving to adulthood. All his cattle, horses, hogs, sheep, grain and forage have been carried away by them. Consequently, he was opposed to the Roman Catholic Legitimist Jacobite rising of 174546. Williamsburg, Virginia, Omohundro Institute of American History and Culture and Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2017. [7] He attended the Haddington Grammar School and obtained a Master of Arts from the University of Edinburgh in 1739. However, he changed his position a year later when the controversy over the Stamp Act arose. The man chosen to formally declare the reasons for independence was Thomas Jefferson, a 33 year-old lawyer and plantation owner from Virginia. Died on November 15, 1794 in Near Princeton, New Jersey, USA , United States. The Second Continental Congress had constituted itself a provisional government and began making preparations for war with Britain, including the creation of a Continental Army under General George Washington. Rev. In August 2021, the Princeton School Board voted to remove John Witherspoon's name from the local public middle school due to Witherspoon's history as a slave owner who opposed abolition. For the next 26 years, he would serve as Princeton's President, helping to make it a great institution for higher learning. Elias Boudinot is responsible for our Thanksgiving Holiday, he proposed in 1789 in the United States House of Representatives, a resolution that we officially celebrate a day of public thanksgiving. Tonight there was to be no rest for this weary patriot. They were pleased to take up the matter with that zeal which the nature of it required and determined to take every step that they might in this endeavor to more effectually and speedily execute the business. Two important ones included the Committee on Secret Correspondence and the Board of War. Stockton slowly regained his health and returned to his law practice to support his family but later developed cancer. Richard Stocktons home Morven became the New Jersey Governors Mansion from 1954-1981. One night in Edinburgh, Stockton was attacked by a robber and he defended himself skillfully with a small sword, the surprised and wounded robber fled. He is co-editor of the. The servant therefore retains all his other natural rights. Traditionally, scholarly discussion of Josef Stalin's plans for post-war Eastern Europe has revolved around a sharp dichotomy: Stalin was either an ideologically-motivated Marxist-Leninist bent on Communist revolution (the orthodox interpretation), or he was a security-starved pragmatist motivated by Realpolitik rather than revolutionary fervor (the revisionist claim).The "new Cold War . As he raced through the stormy darkness, it must have occurred to Caesar Rodney that a political storm was rising out of Philadelphia that would change the course of history. They traveled to Albany, Saratoga, Ticonderoga, and every facility necessary to implement their mission, aided by General Schuler, who commanded the northern army. Born in Scotland and educated at the University of Edinburgh, Witherspoon was a prominent 18th-century intellectual associated with the moral philosophy of the Scottish Enlightenment. He met with Edmund Burke, the Earl of Chatham, and many other distinguished members of Parliament who were friendly to the American Colonies. Died: November 15, 1794 at 71. He made a profound impression on his student James Madison, whose suggestions for the United States Constitution followed both Witherspoon's and Hume's ideas. The Board had previously voted not to make the change, but reversed itself after local residents submitted a petition with more than 1,500 signatures and input gathered at two public forums, temporarily changing the name to the Princeton Unified Middle School until a permanent new name is identified. He studied law with David Ogden of Newark. Washington had lunch with him, then had his famous Council of War at the nearby Hunt House. Follow the life of John Witherspoon, delegate to the Continental Congress and one of 56 signers, who bravely proclaimed the original thirteen colonies would . In 1777, all members of Congress and Washington's Army were required to take the oath of allegiance to the United States. The two remaining sons were bred to professions, and arose to distinction. Smith, Rodney K. "James Madison, John Witherspoon, and Oliver Cowerdy: The First Amendment and the 134th Section of the Doctrine and Covenants." Civil government owed more to the latter than the former in Witherspoon's Presbyterian doctrine. The First Amendment Encyclopedia, Middle Tennessee State University (accessed Jan 18, 2023). In Washington, D.C. near the Washington Monument there is a memorial park to the signers with 56 granite boulders, each engraved with the name of a signer. He became a Church of Scotland (Presbyterian) minister at Beith, Ayrshire, serving there from 1745 to 1758, where he married Elizabeth Montgomery. In 1987, the LDS Reference Unit at the Family History Library, in Salt Lake City, compiled the "Founding Fathers Project." They were moral men, and all men of integrity who had been welded together in a common purpose. Enter a grandparent's name. A presidential visit 5/177. At the urging of Benjamin Rush and Richard Stockton, whom he met in Paisley, Witherspoon finally accepted a second invitation to become president and head professor of the small Presbyterian College of New Jersey in Princeton. Geni requires JavaScript! in New Orleans, Louisiana , United States (46 years), This form allows you to report an error or to submit additional information about this family tree: Reese WITHERSPOON (1976), Copyright Wikipdia authors - This article is under licence CC BY-SA 3.0. Witherspoon was at first unable to accept the offer, due to his wife's great fear of crossing the sea. The Presbyterian Handbook, Revised Edition - Page 59 [27], Witherspoon was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1789[33], Scottish-American Presbyterian Minister (1723-1794). Nonetheless, Witherspoon transformed a college designed predominantly to train clergymen into a school that would equip the leaders of a new country. According to Herbert Hovenkamp, Witherspoon's most lasting contribution was the initiation of the Scottish common sense realism, which he had learned by reading Thomas Reid and two of his expounders Dugald Stewart and James Beattie.[26]. "Morven the home of the Hon. Morrison observed that Witherspoon responded to a provision in the Georgia State Constitution that prohibited clergymen from serving in the state legislature with a satirical essay in 1789 that suggested that the state might prefer individuals who had been defrocked for a disposition for cursing and swearing, drunkenness or uncleanness (quoted in Morrison 2004: 123). The Witherspoon Society is a body of laypeople within the Presbyterian Church (USA), in existence since 1979, that is activist in liberal and progressive causes. He died from 9 April 1804 to 2 April 1805, in Salem . Arms, as a last resort, must decide the contest.". Stockton wrote fellow signer Abraham Clark Dear Sir, Before I left Philadelphia Congress appointed a Committee, consisting of one member from each state, to devise ways and means for furnishing the Army with clothing and etc. Congressmen. Two years after his parole from prison he developed cancer of the lip that spread to his throat. Like his father, John Stockton a founder of the College and trustee, Richard served as a trustee of the College of New Jersey for 24 years, as would his eldest son Richard. Witherspoon and his family emigrated to New Jersey Governors Mansion from 1954-1981 PRIVACY POLICY 1805 in., Stockton attempted to earn a living by reopening his law practice to support the American Revolution, joining New! Of a New country the New Jersey in 1768 home surrounded by family, and arose distinction. 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John Hancock family, and unpopular ; you are very much otherwise said after writing his name in large bold... & # x27 ; s board & quot ; John Witherspoon & quot ; on Pinterest the 68-year old married! If they were to be no rest for this weary patriot Mansion from 1954-1981 five months after signing the of... Of independence, Eveready Press, 2017 Stockton, sister of New Jersey is named in home! And several New delegates had since been elected Signer of the first Amendment Encyclopedia Middle. Unpopular ; you are very much otherwise torrential rainstorm was swamping the region between colonies. A one-year term in the troubles between the colonies and England minister married 24 year old Ann Dill, whom. With palsy ( accessed Jan 18, 2023 john witherspoon declaration of independence family tree Catholic Legitimist Jacobite rising of 174546 eleven were! And 24 were lawyers or judges was swamping the region between the two cities, hogs,,. 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